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The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, moderate-protein, and very low-carbohydrate eating plan that fundamentally shifts the body’s primary fuel source. Normally, your body relies on glucose, derived from carbohydrates, for energy. However, when carbohydrate intake is drastically reduced (typically below 20-50 grams per day), your body enters a metabolic state called ketosis.

In ketosis, with insufficient glucose available, your liver begins to break down fats into molecules called ketones (specifically beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and acetone). These ketones then serve as an alternative fuel for the brain and other organs. This metabolic adaptation is an evolutionary survival mechanism, allowing humans to function during periods of food scarcity.

The science behind keto’s efficacy lies in this metabolic shift. By burning fat for fuel, the body becomes highly efficient at fat utilization, leading to weight loss. Furthermore, ketones themselves have neuroprotective properties and can cross the blood-brain barrier, potentially offering benefits for neurological conditions. The sustained reduction in insulin levels, a hormone that promotes fat storage, is another key scientific aspect of the diet’s impact on metabolism and body composition.

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